C4d is a complement split product, inactivated c4b, and reflects complement activation by the classical pathway.
2.
The diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis is made indirectly with immunochemical methods which detect the elevation of biomarkers such as D-Dimer ( cross-linked fibrin degradation products ), fibrinogen split products ( FSP ), complexes of plasmin and alpha-2-antiplasmin ( PAP ).
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